Moin, Moin,
noch mal zum Thea Efeu. Efeu und Vögel gibt 7 Funde. Zwei solche Fund hier als Beispiel. Und dann ist die Frage offen was daraus zu entnehmen ist.
Gruesse,
Detlev
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Title: Differences in the regeneration niche of endozoochorous species.
Author, Editor, Inventor: Kollmann-Johannes
Author Address: Geobot. Inst. ETH, Zurichbergstr. 38, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland
Source: Jahreshefte-der-Gesellschaft-fuer-Naturkunde-in-Wuerttemberg. 1996; 152 (0) 85-113.
Publication Year: 1996
Document Type: Research-Article
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 0368-2307
Language: German; Non-English
Language of Summary: German; English
Abstract: This study deals with the dispersal ecology of 18 Central European fleshy-fruited species (2 trees, 11 shrubs, 5 woody vines and herbs). Several processes of dispersal which determine the regeneration niche of these species were investigated over a two-year period in SW-Germany: transport of seed by birds, seed predation by rodents, seed bank, germination and establishment. Although dispersal phenology of most species was staggered, broad overlap among the species occurred due to fruiting periods of 3-5 months. Seed rain of fleshy-fruited species was observed throughout the year with highest records from August to November and minimum values in May. Fruit on offer was used more or less as available, but some species were apparently preferred by birds leading to a more effective dispersal of seeds (Cornus sanguinea, Hedera helix, Sambucus nigra). Choice experiments in mature scrub on seed predation by mice (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus) revealed preferences for large seeds (Prunus spinosa) compared with small ones (Sambucus nigra); mechanically protected seeds (Crataegus laevigata) and poisonous species were also less attractive (Euonymus europaeus). The ranking of the species in the choice experiment was supported by results on the percentage of destroyed seeds in soil samples. Small-seeded species were most common in the soil seed bank (Rubus fruticosus agg., Sambucus nigra, Solanum dulcamara), whereas large-seeded species were never found (Prunus avium, P. spinosa, Viburnum lantana). Large differences in species composition and frequency were observed between seed rain and seed bank. Dormancy and germinability were also appreciably different among species, and this was also true for germination and establishment of seedlings in the field. The fleshy-fruited species investigated have the same mode of dispersal by passerine birds, most of them have a similar growth form (the shrub species) and coexist in the same habitat. Based on the principle of competitive exclusion one would postulate ecological separation of the species to maintain this coexistence. The observed differences in the regeneration niche contribute to the separation of the species and can explain some differences in their abundance.
Abstract Indicator: Y
Major Concepts: Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences); Nutrition-; Reproduction-
Super Taxa: Angiospermae-: Angiospermae-, Spermatophyta-, Plantae-; Cricetidae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Muridae-: Rodentia-, Mammalia-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Passeriformes-: Aves-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Spermatophyta-: Spermatophyta-, Plantae-
Organisms: herb- (Angiospermae-); passerine-birds (Passeriformes-); shrub- (Spermatophyta-); tree- (Spermatophyta-); Apodemus-flavicollis (Muridae-); Apodemus-sylvaticus (Muridae-); Clethrionomys-glareolus (Cricetidae-)
Taxa Notes: angiosperms-; animals-; birds-; chordates-; mammals-; nonhuman-mammals; nonhuman-vertebrates; plants-; rodents-; spermatophytes-; vascular-plants; vertebrates-
Miscellaneous Descriptors: PREDATOR-; REGENERATION-NICHE; SEED-; TERRESTRIAL-ECOLOGY; WOODY-VINE
Accession Number: 199799563067
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Title: The effect of birds on seed germination of fleshy-fruited plants in temperate farmland.
Author, Editor, Inventor: Clergeau-Philippe
Author Address: INRA-Univ. Rennes I, Lab. Evolution Systemes Naturels Modifies, Ave. du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
Source: Acta-Oecologica. 1992 (1993); 13 (6) 679-686.
Document Type: Article-
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 1146-609X
Language: English
Language of Summary: English; French
Abstract: This work evaluates the effect of frugivorous birds, the starling Sturnus vulgaris L. and the blackbird Turdus merula L., on germination of fleshy fruit plants, Solanum nigrum L., Rubus fruticosus .L., Sambucus nigra L. and Hedera helix L. These plants are very common in western France farmlands and are involved in the landscape change linked with abandonment of agriculture. Birds significantly enhance the capacity of germination. In Rubus and Hedera the bird effect is similar to the removal of the pulp from fruit. The role of ingestion on seed dormancy varies according to plant species. For example, length of dormancy of Rubus is not affected by bird ingestion, but it is shorter in Sambucus. The fate of ingested seeds is examined: regurgitated seeds have different germination patterns than defecated seeds only in some cases. Variations in retention time in the gut and bird species characteristics could explain the latter result. nutritional quality. Such conditions also seem to have caused a more pronounced level of herbivory within northern populations of widely distributed species and are suggested to strongly affect whole biotic communities and especially animal-plant relationships.
Abstract Indicator: Y
Major Concepts: Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation); Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences); Reproduction-
Super Taxa: Anseriformes-: Aves-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Araliaceae-: Dicotyledones-, Angiospermae-, Spermatophyta-, Plantae-; Caprifoliaceae-: Dicotyledones-, Angiospermae-, Spermatophyta-, Plantae-; Passeriformes-: Aves-, Vertebrata-, Chordata-, Animalia-; Solanaceae-: Dicotyledones-, Angiospermae-, Spermatophyta-, Plantae-
Organisms: Araliaceae- (Araliaceae-); Caprifoliaceae- (Caprifoliaceae-); Mergus-merganser (Anseriformes-); Passeriformes- (Passeriformes-); Solanaceae- (Solanaceae-)
Taxa Notes: angiosperms-; animals-; birds-; chordates-; dicots-; nonhuman-vertebrates; plants-; spermatophytes-; vascular-plants; vertebrates-
Geopolitical Location: Norway- (Europe-, Palearctic-region)
Miscellaneous Descriptors: BEHAVIOR-; PREDATION-; STOMACH-CONTENT-ANALYSIS
Accession Number: 199396026390
– also auch in den Früchten – vorkommen ergibt sich meiner Meinung nach diese Frage nicht. Die zweite Giftgruppe (Polyine) kann Kontaktallergien auslösen, was im Gegensatz zu Vergiftungsfällen beim Menschen ganz gut belegt ist. (Frohne/Pfänder S. 79) Diese kommen auch in einigen Zimmerpflanzen aus dieser Familie z.B. verschiedenen Arten der Gattung Schefflera vor.
