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http://www.vetpathology.org/cgi/content/full/43/4/463
Außerdem interessant ...
http://www.vetpathology.org/cgi/content/full/43/4/463
Außerdem interessant ...
Protection and Virus Shedding of Falcons Vaccinated against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H5N1)
Michael Lierz,* Comments to Author Hafez M. Hafez,* Robert Klopfleisch,† Dörte Lüschow,* Christine Prusas,* Jens P. Teifke,† Miriam Rudolf,† Christian Grund,† Donata Kalthoff,† Thomas Mettenleiter,† Martin Beer,† and Timm Harder†
*Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; and †Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Abstract
Because fatal infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 have been reported in birds of prey, we sought to determine detailed information about the birds´ susceptibility and protection after vaccination. Ten falcons vaccinated with an inactivated influenza virus (H5N2) vaccine seroconverted. We then challenged 5 vaccinated and 5 nonvaccinated falcons with HPAI (H5N1). All vaccinated birds survived; all unvaccinated birds died within 5 days. For the nonvaccinated birds, histopathologic examination showed tissue degeneration and necrosis, immunohistochemical techniques showed influenza virus antigen in affected tissues, and these birds shed high levels of infectious virus from the oropharynx and cloaca. Vaccinated birds showed no influenza virus antigen in tissues and shed virus at lower titers from the oropharynx only. Vaccination could protect these valuable birds and, through reduced virus shedding, reduce risk for transmission to other avian species and humans.
http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/13/11/1667.htm?s_cid=eid1667_e
Role of Terrestrial Wild Birds in Ecology of Influenza A Virus (H5N1)
Adrianus C.M. Boon,*1 Matthew R. Sandbulte,*1 Patrick Seiler,* Richard J. Webby,* Thaweesak Songserm,† Yi Guan,‡ and Robert G. Webster* Comments to Author
*St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; †Medicine Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand; and ‡University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
Abstract
House sparrows, European starlings, and Carneux pigeons were inoculated with 4 influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from different avian species. We monitored viral replication, death after infection, and transmission to uninfected contact birds of the same species. Sparrows were susceptible to severe infection; 66%–100% of birds died within 4–7 days. High levels of virus were detected from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and in organs of deceased sparrows. Inoculation of starlings caused no deaths, despite high levels of virus shedding evident in oropharyngeal swabs. Least susceptible were pigeons, which had no deaths and very low levels of virus in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Transmission to contact birds did not occur frequently: only A/common magpie/Hong Kong/645/2006 virus was shown to transmit to 1 starling. In summary, recent influenza (H5N1) viruses are pathogenic for small terrestrial bird species but the rate of intraspecies transmission in these hosts is very low.
http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/13/11/1720.htm?s_cid=eid1720_e